WHAT...is Truth? A difficult
question; but I have solved it for myself by saying that it is what the voice
within tells you. How then, you ask, [do] different people think of different
and contrary truths? Well, seeing that the human mind works through innumerable
media and that the evolution of the human mind is not the same for all, it
follows that what may be truth for one may be untruth for another, and hence
those who have made these experiments have come to the conclusion that there are
certain conditions to be observed in making those experiments…
It is because we have at the
present moment everybody claiming the right of conscience without going through
any discipline whatsoever, and there is so much untruth being delivered to a
bewildered world. All that I can in true humility present to you is that Truth
is not to be found by anybody who has not got an abundant sense of humility. If
you would swim on the bosom of the ocean of Truth, you must reduce yourself to
a zero.[1]
Truth and Love-ahimsa-is the only thing
that counts. Where this is present, everything rights itself in the end. This
is a law to which there is no exception.[2]
Sovereign Principle
For me truth is the sovereign
principle, which includes numerous other principles. This truth is not only
truthfulness in word, but truthfulness in thought also, and not only the
relative truth of our conception, but the Absolute Truth, the Eternal
Principle, that is God. There are innumerable definitions of God, because His
manifestations are innumerable. They overwhelm me with wonder and awe and for a
moment stun me. But I worship God as Truth only. I have not yet found Him, but
I am seeking after Him. I am prepared to sacrifice the things dearest to me in
pursuit of this quest. Even if the sacrifice demanded be my very life, I hope I
may be prepared to give it. But as long as I have not realized this Absolute
Truth, so long must I hold by the relative truth as I have conceived it. That
relative truth must, meanwhile, be my beacon, my shield and buckler. Though
this path is strait and narrow and sharp as the razor's edge, for me it has
been the quickest and easiest. Even my Himalayan blunders have seemed trifling
to me because I have kept strictly to this path. For the path has saved me from
coming to grief, and I have gone forward according to my light. Often in my
progress I have had faint glimpses of the Absolute Truth, God, and daily the
conviction is growing upon me that He alone is real and all else is unreal.
Quest for Truth
...The further conviction has
been growing upon me that whatever is possible for me is possible even for a
child, and I have found sound reasons for saying so. The instruments for the
quest of Truth are as simple as they are difficult. They may appear quite impossible
to an arrogant person, and quite possible to an innocent child. The seeker
after Truth should be humbler than the dust. The world crushes the dust under
its feet, but the seeker after Truth should so humble himself that even the
dust could crush him. Only then, and not till then, will he have a glimpse of
Truth. (A, p xv)
Truth is like a vast tree, which
yields more and more fruit the more you nurture it. The deeper the search in
the mine of truth the richer the discovery of the gems buried there, in the
shape of openings for an even greater variety of service. (ibid, p159)
I think it is wrong to expect
certainties in this world, where all else but God that is Truth is an
uncertainty. All that appears and happens about and around is uncertain,
transient. But there is a Supreme Being hidden therein as a Certainty, and one
would be blessed if one could catch a glimpse of that certainty and hitch one's
wagon to it. The quest for that Truth is the summum bonum of life. (ibid, p184)
In the march towards Truth,
anger, selfishness, hatred, etc., naturally give way, for otherwise Truth would
be impossible to attain. A man who is swayed by passions may have good enough
intentions, may be truthful in word, but he will never find the Truth. A
successful search for Truth means complete deliverance from the dual throng
such as of love and hate, happiness and misery. (ibid, pp254-5)
Vision of Truth
To see the universal and
all-pervading spirit of Truth face to face one must be able to love the meanest
of creation as oneself. And a man who aspires after that cannot afford to keep
out of any field of life. That is why my devotion to Truth has drawn me into
the field of politics; and I can say without the slightest hesitation, and yet
in all humility, that those who say that religion has nothing to do with
politics do not know what religion means. (ibid, pp370-1)
My uniform experience has
convinced me that there is no other God than Truth… The little fleeting
glimpses… that I have been able to have of Truth can hardly convey an idea of
the indescribable luster of Truth, a million times more intense than that of
the sun we daily see with our eyes.[3]
In fact, what I have caught is
only the faintest gleam of that mighty effulgence. But this much I can say with
assurance, as a result of all my experiments, that a perfect vision of Truth
can only follow a complete realization of ahimsa. (ibid)
Truth resides in every human
heart, and one has to search for it there, and to be guided by truth as one
sees it. But no one has a right to coerce others to act according to his own
view of truth.[4]
Absolute Truth
It is not given to man to know
the whole Truth. His duty lies in living up to the truth as he sees it, and in
doing so, to resort to the purest means, i.e., to non-violence. (ibid)
God alone knows absolute truth.
Therefore, I have often said, Truth is God. It follows that man, a finite
being, cannot know absolute truth.[5]
Nobody in this world possesses
absolute truth. This is God's attribute alone. Relative truth is all we know.
Therefore, we can only follow the truth as we see it. Such pursuit of truth
cannot lead anyone astray.[6]
Truth and I
I have in my life never been
guilty of saying things I did not mean-my nature is to go straight to the heart
and, if often I fail in doing so for the time being, I know that Truth will
ultimately make itself heard and felt, as it has often done in my experience.[7]
Let hundreds like me perish, but
let Truth prevail. Let us not reduce the standards of Truth even by a hair's
breadth for judging erring mortals like myself. (A, p xv)
In judging myself I shall try to
be as harsh as truth, as I want others also to be. Measuring myself by that
standard I must exclaim with Surdas.
Where is there a wretch?
So wicked and loathsome as I?
I have forsaken by Maker,
So faithless have I been. (ibid,
p xvi)
My Errors
I may be a despicable person, but
when Truth speaks through me, I am invincible. (EF, p71)
I am devoted to none but Truth
and I owe no discipline to anybody but Truth.[8]
I have no God to serve but Truth.[9]
I have no strength except what
comes from insistence on truth. Non-violence, too, springs from the same
insistence.[10]
I am a humble but very earnest
seeker after Truth. And in my search, I take all fellow-seekers in uttermost
confidence so that I may know my mistakes and correct them. I confess that I
have often erred in my estimates and judgments… And inasmuch as in every case I
retraced my steps, no permanent harm was done. On the contrary, the fundamental
truth of non-violence has been made infinitely more manifest than it ever has
been, and the country has in no way been permanently injured. [11]
I am a learner myself, I have no axe to grind, and wherever I see a truth, I
take it up and try to act up to it.[12]
I believe that, if in spite of the best
of intentions, one is led into committing mistakes, they do not really result
in harm to the world or, for the matter of that, any individual. God always
saves the world from the consequences of unintended errors or men who live in
fear of Him.
Those who are likely to be misled
by my example would have gone that way all the same even if they had not known
of my action. For, in the final analysis, a man is guided in his conduct by his
own inner promptings, though the example of others might sometimes seem to
guide him. But be it as it may, I know that the world has never had to suffer
on account of my errors because they were all due to my ignorance. It is my
firm belief that not one of my known errors was willful.[13]
Indeed, what may appear to be an
obvious error to one may appear to another as pure wisdom. He cannot help
himself even if he is under a hallucination. Truly as Tulsidas said: 'Even
though there never is silver in mother o' pearl nor water in the sunbeams,
while the illusion of silver in the shinning shell or that of water in the beam
lasts, no power on earth can shake the deluded man free from the spell.' Even
so must it be with men like me who, it may be, are labouring under a great
hallucination. Surely God will pardon them and the world should bear with them.
Truth will assert itself in the end. (ibid)
Truth never damages a cause that
is just.[14] Life is an aspiration. Its mission is to
strive after perfection, which is self-realization. The ideal must not be
lowered because of our weaknesses or imperfections. I am painfully conscious of
both in me. The silent cry daily goes out to Truth to help me to remove these
weakness and imperfections of mine.[15]
No Abandonment of Truth
Believe me when I tell you, after
60 years of personal experience, that the only real misfortune is to abandon
the path of truth. If you but realize this, your one prayer to God will always
be to enable you to put up, without flinching, with any number of trials and
hardships that may fall to your lot in the pursuit of truth.[16]
Truth alone will endure, all the
rest will be swept away before the tide of time. I must, therefore, continue to
bear testimony to Truth even if I am forsaken by all. Mine may today be a voice
in the wilderness, but it will be heard when all other voices are silenced, if
it is the voice of Truth.[17]
A man of faith will remain
steadfast to truth, even-though the whole world might appear to be enveloped in
falsehood.[18]
When it is relevant, truth has to
be uttered, however unpleasant it may be. Irrelevance is always untruth and
should never be uttered.[19]
THERE IS an indefinable
mysterious Power that pervades everything. I feel it, though I do not see it.
It is this unseen Power which makes itself felt and yet defies all proof,
because it is so unlike all that I perceive through my senses. It transcends
the senses. But it is possible to reason out the existence of God to a limited
extent.
I do dimly perceive that whilst
everything around me is ever changing, ever-dying, there is underlying all that
change a Living Power that is changeless, that holds all together, that
creates, dissolves, and recreates. That informing Power or Spirit is God. And
since nothing else I see merely through the senses can or will persist, He
alone is. And is this Power benevolent or malevolent? I see it as purely
benevolent. For I can see, that in the midst of death life persists, in the
midst of untruth truth persists, in the midst of darkness light persists. Hence
I gather that God is Life, Truth, Light. He is Love. He is the Supreme Good. I
confess… that I have no argument to convince… through reason. Faith transcends
reason. All I can advise… is not to attempt the impossible. I cannot account
for the existence of evil by any rational method. To want to do so is to be
co-equal with God. I am, therefore, humble enough to recognize evil as such;
and I call God long-suffering and patient precisely because He permits evil in
the world. I know that He has no evil in Him and yet if there is evil, He is
the author of it and yet untouched by it.
I know, too, that I shall never
know God if I do not wrestle with and against evil even at the cost of life
itself. I am fortified in the belief by my own humble and limited experience.
The purer I try to become the nearer to God I feel myself to be. How much more
should I be near to Him when my faith is not a mere apology, as it is today,
but has become as immovable as the Himalayas and as white and bright as the
snows on their peaks?[20]
My Faith
I can easily put up with the
denial of the world, but any denial by me of my God is unthinkable. [21]
I know that I can do nothing. God
can do everything. O God, make me Thy fit instrument and use me as thou wilt![22]
I have not seen Him, neither have
I known Him. I have made the world's faith in God my own and as my faith is
ineffaceable, I regard that faith as amounting to experience. However, as it
may be said that to describe faith as experience is to tamper with truth, it
may perhaps be more correct to say that I have no word for characterizing my
belief in God. (A, p206)
I am surer of His existence than
of the fact that you and I are sitting in this room. Then I can also testify
that I may live without air and water but not without Him. You may pluck out my
eyes, but that cannot kill me. You may chop off my nose, but that will not kill
me. But blast my belief in God, and I am dead. You may call this a
superstition, but I confess it is a superstition that I hug, even as I used to
hug the name of Rama in my childhood when there was any cause of danger or
alarm. That was what an old nurse had taught me.[23]
I believe that we can all become
messengers of God, if we cease to fear man and seek only God's Truth. I do
believe I am seeking only God's Truth and have lost all fear of man. …I have no
special revelation of God's will. My firm belief is that He reveals Himself
daily to every human being, but we shut our ears to the 'still small voice'. We
shut our eyes to the Pillar of Fire in front of us. I realize His omnipresence.[24]
Some of my correspondents seem to think
that I can work wonders. Let me say as a devotee of truth that I have no such
gift. All the power I may have comes from God. But He does not work directly.
He works through His numberless agencies.[25]
Nature of God
To me God is Truth and Love; God
is ethics and morality; God is fearlessness. God is the source of Light and
Life and yet He is above and beyond all these. God is conscience. He is even
the atheism of the atheist. For in His boundless love God permits the atheist
to live. He is the searcher of hearts. He transcends speech and reason. He
knows us and our hearts better than we do ourselves. He does not take us at our
word, for He knows that we often do not mean it, some knowingly and others
unknowingly. He is a personal God to those who need His personal presence. He
is embodied to those who need His touch. He is the purest essence. He simply is
to those who have faith. He is all things to all men. He is in us and yet above
and beyond us…
He cannot cease to be because
hideous immoralities or inhuman brutalities are committed in His name. He is
long-suffering. He is patient but He is also terrible. He is the most exacting
personage in the world and the world to come. He metes out the same measure to
us that we mete out to our neighbors-men and brutes.
With Him ignorance is no excuse.
And withal He is ever forgiving, for He always gives us the chance to repent.
He is the greatest democrat the
world knows, for He leaves us 'unfettered' to make our own choice between evil
and good. He is the greatest tyrant ever known, for He often dashes the cup
from our lips and under cove of free will leaves us a margin so wholly
inadequate as to provide only mirth for Himself at our expense.
Therefore it is that Hinduism
calls it all His sport-lila, or calls it all an illusion-maya. We are not, He
alone Is. And if we will be, we must eternally sing His praise and do His will.
Let us dance to the tune of His bansi-lute, and all would be well.[26]
God is the hardest taskmaster I
have known on this earth, and He tries you through and through. And when you
find that your faith is failing or your body is failing you and you are
sinking, He comes to your assistance somehow or other and proves to you that
you must not lose your faith and that He is always at your beck and call, but
on His terms, not on your terms. So I have found. I cannot really recall a
single instance when, at the eleventh hour, He has forsaken me. (SW, p1069)
In my early youth I was taught to
repeat what in Hindu scriptures are known as one thousand names of God. But
these one thousand names of God were by no means exhaustive. We believe-and I
think it is the truth-that God has as many names as there are creatures and,
therefore, we also say that God is nameless and, since God has many forms, we
also consider Him formless, and since He speaks to us through many tongues, we
consider Him to be speechless and so on. And so when I came to study Islam, I
found that Islam too had many names for God. I would say with those who say God
is Love, God is Love. But deep down in me I used to say that though God may be
Love, God is Truth, above all. If it is possible for the human tongue to give
the fullest description of God, I have come to the conclusion that, for myself,
God is Truth.
But two years ago I went a step
further and said that Truth is God. You will see the fine distinction between
the two statements, viz., that God is Truth and Truth is God. And I came to the
conclusion after a continuous and relentless search after Truth which began
nearly fifty years ago.
I then found that the nearest
approach to Truth was through love. But I also found that love has many
meanings in the English language at least and that human love in the sense of
passion could become a degrading thing also. I found too that love in the sense
of ahimsa had only a limited number of votaries in the world. But I never found
a double meaning in connection with truth and not even atheists had demurred to
the necessity or power of truth.
But, in their passion for
discovering truth, the atheists have not hesitated to deny the very existence
of God-from their own point of view, rightly. And it was because of this
reasoning that I saw that, rather than say that God is Truth, I should say that
Truth is God.[27]
God is Truth, but God is many other things also. That is why I say Truth is
God…. Only remember that Truth is not one of the many qualities that we name.
It is the living embodiment of God, it is the only Life, and I identify Truth
with the fullest life, and that is how it becomes a concrete thing, for God is
His whole creation, the whole Existence, and service of all that
exists-Truth-is service of God.[28]
Perfection is the attribute of the
Almighty, and yet what a great democrat He is! What an amount of wrong and
humbug He suffers on our part! He even suffers us insignificant creatures of
His to question His very existence, though He is in every atom about us, around
us and within us. But He has reserved to Himself the right of becoming manifest
to whomsoever He chooses. He is a Being without hands and feet and other
organs, yet he can see Him to whom He chooses to reveal Himself.[29]
God Through Service
If I did not fee the presence of
God within me, I see so much of misery and disappointment every day that I
would be a raving maniac and my destination would be the Hooghli. (YI,
6-8-1925, p275)
If I am to identify myself with
the grief of the least in India, aye, if I have the power, the least in the
world, let me identify myself with the sins of the little ones who are under my
care. And so doing in all humility, I hope some day to see God-Truth-face to
face.[30]
I am endeavoring to see God through
service of humanity, for I know that God is neither in heaven, nor down below,
but in every one.[31]
I am a part and parcel of the whole, and
I cannot find Him apart from the rest of humanity. My countrymen are my nearest
neighbors. They have become so helpless, so resourceless, so inert that I must
concentrate on serving them. If I could persuade myself that I should find Him
in a Himalayan cave, I would proceed there immediately. But I know that I
cannot find Him apart from humanity.[32]
I claim to know my millions. All the 24
hours of the day I am with them. They are my first care and last because I
recognize no God except the God that is to be found in the hearts of the dumb
millions. They do not recognize His presence; I do. And I worship the God that
is Truth or Truth which is God through the service of these millions.[33]
Guide and Protector
I must go… with God as my only
guide. He is a jealous Lord. He will allow no one to share His authority. One
has, therefore, to appear before Him in all one's weakness, empty-handed and in
a spirit of full surrender, and then He enables you to stand before a whole
world and protects you from all harm. [34]
I have learned this one
lesson-that what is impossible with man is child's play with God and if we have
faith in that Divinity which presides on the destiny of the meanest of His
creation, I have no doubt that all things are possible; and in that final hope,
I live and pass my time and endeavor to obey His will.[35]
Even in darkest despair, where
there seems to be no helper and no comfort in the wide, wide world, His Name
inspires us with strength and puts all doubts and despairs to flight. The sky
may be overcast today with clouds, but a fervent prayer to Him is enough to
dispel them. It is because of prayer that I have known no disappointment.
…I have known no despair. Why
then should you give way to it? Let us pray that He may cleanse our hearts of
pettiness, meanness and deceit and He will surely answer our prayers. Many I
know have always turned to that unfailing source of strength.[36]
I have seen and believe that God
never appears to you in person, but in action which can only account for your
deliverance in your darkest hour.[37]
Individual worship cannot be
described in words. It goes on continuously and even unconsciously. There is not
a moment when I do not feel the presence of a Witness whose eye misses nothing
and with whom I strive to keep in tune.
I have never found Him lacking in
response. I have found Him nearest at hand when the horizon seemed darkest in
my ordeals in jails when it was not all-smooth sailing for me. I cannot recall
a moment in my life when I had a sense of desertion by God.[38]
Self-realization
I believe it to be possible for
every human being to attain to that blessed and indescribable, sinless state in
which he feels within himself the presence of God to the exclusion of
everything else.[39]
What I want to achieve, what I
have been striving and pining to achieve…, is self-realization, to see God face
to face, to attain moksha. I live and move and have my being in pursuit of this
goal. All that I do by way of speaking and writing and all my ventures in the
political field are directed to this same end. (A, p xiv)
For it is an unbroken torture to
me that I am still so far from Him, who, as I fully know, governs every breath
of my life, and whose offspring I am. I know that it is the evil passions
within that keep me so far from Him, and yet I cannot get away from them.
(ibid, p xvi) This belief in God has to be based on faith, which transcends
reason. Indeed, even the so-called realization has at bottom an element of
faith without which it cannot be sustained. In the very nature of things it
must be so. Who can transgress the limitations of his being?
I hold that complete realization
is impossible in this embodied life. Nor is it necessary. A living immovable
faith is all that is required for reaching the full spiritual height attainable
by human beings. God is not outside this earthly case of ours. Therefore,
exterior proof is not of much avail, if any at all. We must ever fail to
perceive Him through the senses, because He is beyond them. We can feel Him if
we will but withdraw ourselves from the senses. The divine music is incessantly
going on within ourselves, but the loud senses drown the delicate music, which
is unlike and infinitely superior to anything we can perceive or hear with our
senses.[40]
Inwardness of Art
THERE ARE two aspects of things -
the outward and the inward….The outward has no meaning except in so far as it
helps the inward. All true Art is thus an expression of the soul. The outward
forms have value only in so far as they are the expression of the inner spirit
of man.[41]
I know that many call themselves
artists, and are recognized as such, and yet in their works there is absolutely
no trace of the soul's upward urge and unrest. (ibid)
All true Art must help the soul
to realize its inner self. In my own case, I find that I can do entirely
without external forms in my soul's realization. I can claim, therefore, that
there is truly efficient Art in my life, though you might not see what you call
works of Art about me.
My room may have blank walls; and
I may even dispense with the roof, so that I may gaze out at the starry heavens
overhead that stretch in an unending expanse. What conscious Art of man can
give me the panoramic scenes that open out before me, when I look up to the sky
above with all its shining stars?
This, however, does not mean that
I refuse to accept the value of productions of Art, generally accepted as such,
but only that I personally feel how inadequate these are compared with the
eternal symbols of beauty in Nature. These productions of man's Art have their
value only in so far as they help the soul onward towards self-realization.
(ibid)
Truth First
Truth is the first thing to be sought
for, and Beauty and Goodness will then be added unto you. Jesus was, to my
mind, a supreme artist because he saw and expressed Truth; and so was Muhammad,
the Koran being, the most perfect composition in all Arabic literature - at any
rate, that is what scholars say. It is because both of them strove first for
Truth that the grace of expression naturally came in and yet neither Jesus not
Muhammad wrote on Art. That is the Truth and Beauty I crave for, live for, and
would die for. [42]
Art for the Millions
Here too, just as elsewhere, I
must think in terms of the millions. And to the millions we cannot give that
training to acquire a perception of Beauty in such a way as to see Truth in it.
Show them Truth first and they will see Beauty afterwards... Whatever can be
useful to those starving millions is beautiful to my mind. Let us give today
first the vital things of life and all the graces and ornaments of life will
follow. (ibid)
I want art and literature that
can speak to the millions.[43]
Art to be art must soothe.[44]
After all, Art can only be
expressed not through inanimate power-driven machinery designed for
mass-production, but only through the delicate living touch of the hands of men
and women.[45]
Inner Purity
True art takes note not merely of
form but also of what lies behind. There is an art that kills and an art that
gives life… True art must be evidence of happiness, contentment and purity of
its authors.[46]
True beauty after all consists in
purity of heart. (A, p. 228)
I love music and all the other
arts, but I do not attach such value to them as is generally done. I cannot,
for example, recognize the value of those activities which require technical
knowledge for their understanding. Life is greater than all art. I would go
even further and declare that the man whose life comes nearest to perfection is
the greatest artist; for what is art without the sure foundation and framework
of a noble life? [47]
We have somehow accustomed
ourselves to the belief that art is independent of the purity of private life.
I can say with all the experience at my command that nothing could be more
untrue. As I am nearing the end of my earthly life, I can say that purity of
life, is the highest and truest art. The art of producing good music from a
cultivated voice can be achieved by many, but the art of producing that music
from the harmony of a pure life is achieved very rarely.[48]
Beauty in Truth
I see and find Beauty in Truth or
through Truth. All Truths, not merely true ideas, but truthful faces, truthful
pictures, or songs, are highly beautiful. People generally fail to see Beauty
in Truth, the ordinary man runs away from it and becomes blind to the beauty in
it. Whenever men begin to see Beauty in Truth, then true Art will arise.[49]
To a true artist only that face
is beautiful which, quite apart from its exterior, shines with the Truth within
the soul. There is… no Beauty apart from Truth. On the other hand, Truth may
manifest itself in forms, which may not be outwardly beautiful at all.
Socrates, we are told, was the most truthful man of his time, and yet his
features are said to have been the ugliest in Greece. To my mind he was
beautiful, because all his life was a striving after Truth, and you may
remember that his outward form did not prevent Phidias from appreciating the
beauty of Truth in him, though as an artist he was accustomed to see Beauty in
outward forms also. (ibid)
Truth and Untruth often co-exist;
good and evil are often found together. In an artist also not seldom [do] the
right perception of things and the wrong co-exist. Truly beautiful creations
come when right perception is at work. If these monuments are rare in life,
they are also rare in Art. (ibid)
These beauties ['a sunset or a
crescent moon that shines amid the stars at night'] are truthful, inasmuch as
they make me think of the Creator at the back of them. How else could these be
beautiful, but for the Truth that is in the center of creation? When I admire
the wonder of a sunset or the beauty of the moon, my soul expands in worship of
the Creator. I try to see Him and His mercies in all these creations. But even
the sunsets and sunrises would be mere hindrances if they did not help me to
think of Him. Anything which is a hindrance to the flight of the soul is a
delusion and a snare; even like the body, which often does hinder you in the
path of salvation.[50]
Why can't you see the beauty of
colour in vegetables? And then, there is beauty in the speckles sky. But no,
you want the colours of the rainbow, which is a mere optical illusion. We have
been taught to believe that what is beautiful need not be useful and what is
useful cannot be beautiful. I want to show that what is useful can also be
beautiful.[51]
[1]
YI, 31-12-1931, p428
[2]
(YI, 18-8-1927, p265
[3] (YI,
7-2-1929, p42)
[4] (H,
24-11-1933, p6)
[5] (H,
7-4-1946, p70)
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